A boondoggle refers to a project that is considered wasteful or useless, often involving unnecessary or redundant work with little practical value.
Unsolicited mail often distributed by mass marketers, typically sent through third-class mail to reduce mailing costs. Junk mail can create waste, be confused with higher-priority mail, and is time-consuming to sort through.
Normal loss refers to the predictable and usual loss of materials in a manufacturing or chemical process due to factors like waste, seepage, shrinkage, or spoilage. These losses are considered a standard part of the production process and are accounted for in manufacturing costs.
Spoilage refers to materials or goods that are rendered unusable or unsellable due to defects, damage, or expiration during the production process.
Waste (also referred to as spoilage) is the amount of material lost as part of a production process. Acceptable levels of waste, known as normal loss, are part of the cost of production and are allowed for in the product costs. Any process or activity that does not add value is also considered waste.
