In international economics, the capability of one producer to produce a given good using fewer resources than any other producer.
Barter is a method of trading in which goods or services are exchanged directly for other goods or services without the use of money. It is usually considered cumbersome and limits the scope of trade.
Located at the principal place from which a corporation's trade or business is managed or directed.
The concept of comparative advantage explains the efficiency of individuals or groups in particular economic activities compared to others, encouraging specialization and trade for maximum benefit.
A consignee refers to an individual or organization authorized to receive goods sent from a consignor. The consignee acts as the recipient of goods, typically in a shipping context, and may also serve as an agent to sell the goods on behalf of the consignor.
A consignor is any person or organization that sends goods to a consignee or a principal who sells goods on consignment through an agent, usually in a foreign country.
Deflation refers to a general decrease in prices across a range of goods and services. It is often associated with reduced levels of output, employment, and trade. Unlike controlled disinflation, deflation can have severe negative impacts on the economy.
A direct seller is a person engaged in the trade or business of selling consumer products directly to the end customer either for personal consumption or resale, often through home-based businesses or personal networks.
A forward-exchange market is a segment of the foreign-exchange market where currencies are traded for delivery at a specific date in the future. This market is used to hedge against the risk of currency fluctuations.
Free In and Out (FIO) denotes a selling price that includes all costs associated with loading goods into a container, road vehicle, ship, etc., and unloading them out of the transport.
An economic equilibrium that exhibits an equality of expected real interest rates among countries when there are no restrictions on international trade, credit, and currency exchanges.
Goods refer to commodities or items of commerce that are tangible and physical, and can be owned, sold, or exchanged in the marketplace, excluding real estate, choses in action, investment securities, or similar items.
The Group of 20 (G-20) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union to discuss policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability.
An order refers to an instruction or command to perform a particular action, applicable across various contexts such as commercial law, investments, law, and trade. It signifies a formal directive requiring compliance according to defined terms.
Return can have varied meanings in different contexts, including finance, investment, retailing, taxes, and trade. Generally, it refers to profits, exchanges, and refunds or credits, often associated with securities, merchandise, or taxpayer information.
Trade, particularly in the context of income tax, refers to activities or transactions that could be subject to income tax charges as opposed to capital gains tax. Determining whether an activity is classified as a 'trade' involves evaluating various factors or 'badges of trade'.
A trader is generally anyone who buys and sells goods or services for profit, also known as a dealer or merchant. In the context of investment, a trader refers to an individual who actively buys and sells securities for their own account.
An undertaking is any corporate body, partnership, or unincorporated association engaged in trade or business with the goal of earning a profit. Such entities are involved in economic activities and operate in various business sectors.
Value in exchange refers to the amount of other goods and services for which a unit of a specific good can be exchanged in a market. This is often represented by the money price of the good.
Wares refer to goods or merchandise, often manufactured items of a similar kind, such as glassware. These items are typically sold in bulk or as part of a collection.
