Backward Integration is the process whereby a firm purchases or creates production facilities needed to produce its goods, such as an automobile manufacturer that buys a steel mill.
A corporation that has production facilities or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country and makes its major management decisions in a global context; sometimes called transnational corporation.
The planning, coordination, and controlling of an organization's resources to efficiently facilitate the production process, encompassing key issues such as location, labor, transportation costs, and production forecasting.
