Central planning involves the strategic development and coordination of organizational activities by a designated central agency. This approach limits communication and spontaneity but facilitates streamlined coordination within the organization.
Downsizing is a strategic measure taken by organizations to reduce their workforce and operational size with the primary goal of boosting profitability, cost-efficiency, and flexibility.
Management by crisis is a reactive method of administration where strategies are formulated as events occur. This approach can lead to organizational confusion and often involves short-sighted policies.
The management cycle refers to the established periods in which specific management operations occur, typically including processes such as planning, executing, monitoring, and closing projects or tasks.
A strategic alliance is a long-term partnership between two or more organizations that collaborate to achieve mutual benefits and gain a competitive advantage.
