The term 'average' commonly refers to the arithmetic mean, which is a measure of central tendency. In finance, it refers to an appropriately weighted and adjusted arithmetic mean of selected securities designed to represent market behavior.
Hoarding refers to the excess accumulation of commodities or currency in anticipation of scarcity and/or higher prices, often leading to market distortions.
A holdout is an individual or entity that refuses to sell an asset or agree to terms in the early stages of negotiation, typically in an attempt to realize a higher price or more favorable conditions.
Inelasticity refers to the characteristic of a good or service for which the quantity demanded or supplied is relatively unaffected by changes in price.
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