The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.
A coordinated national, regional, or municipal work stoppage employed to pressure management or the government into agreeing to contract terms, resolving grievances, or recognizing a union.
An independent union is a labor union that is not affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO).
The term 'rank-and-file' refers to the ordinary dues-paying members of a union who are not part of the union's leadership or officials.
A strike is an organized work stoppage by labor intended to exert pressure on management for better contract terms, improved working conditions, settlement of grievances, or union recognition as a bargaining agent.
