Compulsory arbitration involves the forceful submission of a labor dispute to a neutral third party, such as a government body or the American Arbitration Association, for resolution. This method, also known as binding arbitration, has been resisted by labor unions and employers who prefer collective bargaining and economic pressure to resolve disputes.
Conciliation is a process used in labor disputes where a neutral third party attempts to bring together management and labor to discuss and resolve their differences. The goal is to reconcile the disputing parties through facilitated discussion and negotiation.
A lockout is a management action that prevents employees from performing work in the organization until a labor settlement is reached, physically barring them from entering the workplace.
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent federal agency tasked with enforcing US labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices.
The National Mediation Board (NMB) is a three-member board established by the Railway Labor Act in 1926 to handle mediation of labor-management disputes in the railway and air transport industries.
Picketing is a practice used in labor and political disputes, involving patrolling, usually with placards, to publicize a dispute or to secure support for a cause. It is a constitutionally protected exercise of free expression when done in accordance with the law.
A secondary boycott refers to a union's effort to exert pressure on an employer by preventing the usage, purchase, or transportation of products, goods, or services related indirectly to a primary employer involved in a labor dispute.
Strikebreakers, also known as scabs, are management-hired replacements for striking employees. They must cross a picket line and are typically bitterly resented by striking employees.
A sudden and unannounced work stoppage that occurs while a labor contract is still in effect, typically without union authorization, and considered illegal.
Any interruption of work by employees for the purpose of improving working conditions, usually unexpected and unannounced.
