The bond discount is the difference between a bond's current market price and its higher face value or maturity value. This phenomenon occurs when bonds are issued below par value or due to market conditions such as rising interest rates or heightened default risk.
Bond rating refers to the method of evaluating the possibility of default by a bond issuer, such as a corporation or government body. Prominent agencies like Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor's, and Moody's assess the financial strength of issuers and provide ratings that range from AAA (highly unlikely to default) to D (in default). Bonds rated BB or below are considered non-investment grade.
A financial derivative that functions like an insurance contract where one party pays periodic fees in exchange for compensation in the event of default by a third party, known as the reference entity.
Credit risk refers to the potential that a borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. This concept is crucial for lenders and investors as it impacts the stability and profitability of financial institutions and markets.
A junk bond is a high-yield, high-risk security typically issued by companies seeking to raise capital quickly. These bonds offer higher interest rates to compensate for the increased risk of default.
