Banking Regulation

Bank Holding Company
A bank holding company is an entity that owns or controls two or more banks or other bank holding companies. These companies must register with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, making them registered bank holding companies.
Basel Capital Accords
The Basel Capital Accords include Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III. These agreements set international banking standards aimed at promoting financial stability through enhanced regulatory frameworks.
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
A critical metric used to evaluate a bank's ability to meet its liabilities, ensuring it maintains a sufficient buffer to absorb potential losses and protect the interests of depositors and creditors.
Dual Banking
The U.S. system whereby banks are chartered by either the state in which they operate or by the federal government. This leads to differences in banking regulations, lending limits, and services available to customers.
Edge Act Corporation
An Edge Act Corporation is a subsidiary of a U.S. bank that can offer international banking services across state and national borders, under the authority of the Federal Reserve.
Federal Reserve Board (FRB)
The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) is the governing body of the Federal Reserve System, responsible for setting key policies, including reserve requirements, bank regulations, and discount rates.
Federal Reserve System (Fed)
The Federal Reserve System (Fed) is the central banking system of the United States, created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. It regulates the nation's monetary policy, oversees the cost and supply of money, and supervises international banking through agreements with other central banks.
Federal Reserve System (FED)
The Federal Reserve System, established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, is the central banking system of the United States, playing a crucial role in regulating the country's monetary and banking system.
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
Legislation implemented in November 2001, establishing a regulatory framework for UK banking, insurance, and investment. It designated the Financial Services Authority as the key regulator, assuming functions from multiple entities to streamline and enhance regulatory oversight.
Financial Services Authority (FSA)
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was a regulatory organization in the United Kingdom responsible for oversight of the financial services industry, encompassing banks, insurance companies, and investment firms.
National Bank
A commercial bank whose charter is approved by the U.S. Comptroller of the Currency rather than by a state banking department. National banks are required to be members of the Federal Reserve System and to belong to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
Reserve Requirement
Understanding the Federal Reserve System's rule mandating the financial assets that member banks must keep in the form of cash and other liquid assets as a percentage of demand deposits and time deposits.
State Bank
A state bank is a financial institution that operates under a charter granted by the regulatory authority of a specific state, as opposed to a national bank, which operates under a federal charter.

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